Solar Panels

• Function: Convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity.
• Placement: Typically installed on roofs or open grounds with exposure to ample sunlight.

Charge Controller

• Function:: Regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery and prevents overcharging.
• Types: PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) and MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking), with MPPT being more efficient.

Battery Bank

• Function: Stores electricity for use during nighttime or when there is insufficient sunlight.
• Types: Includes deep cycle lead-acid, lithium-ion, and others. The choice depends on budget, capacity requirements, and longevity.

Inverter

• Function: Converts DC electricity from the solar panels or battery into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is the type used by most household appliances.
• Types: Includes pure sine wave and modified sine wave inverters, with pure sine wave being better for sensitive electronic devices.

Loads

• Function: The appliances and devices that use the electricity generated by the system.
• Consideration: Efficient use and distribution of power is crucial in an off-grid system to avoid depleting the battery too quickly.